#CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS ONLINE UPDATE#

In the U.S., nearly 250,000 children are injured every year in car crashes, and approximately 2,000 die from their injuries. The resulting uneven policy landscape among states suggests a strong need for improved communication among state legislators, public health researchers, advocates and concerned citizen groups to promote more efficient and effective policymaking. Factors such as the complexity of the state of the science, the changing nature of guidelines (from age to height/weight-related criteria), and the absence of coordinated federal actions are potential explanations for the observed patterns. As of 2010, states have as many as 14 exemptions, such as those for non-residents, non-parents, commercial vehicles, large vehicles, or vehicles without seatbelts. Some states cover only up to 4-year-olds while others cover children up to age 17. There is also great variation among states in defining the child population to be covered by the laws, the vehicle operators subject to compliance, and the penalties resulting from non-compliance. As of 2010, only 12 states explicitly required the use of booster seats, 9 for infant seats and 6 for toddler seats. For laws requiring minors to be seated in rear seats, the first state law adoption did not occur until two decades after the evidence became publicly available. Even though empirical evidence supporting the protective effect of child restraint devices was available in the early 1970s, laws requiring their use were not adopted by all 50 states until 1986. However, there has been a considerable time lag in knowledge diffusion and policy adoption.

#CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS ONLINE UPDATE#

The observed trend shows many statesвЂ™ continuing efforts to update their laws to be consistent with latest motor vehicle safety recommendations, with each state modifying their laws on average 6 times over the 30-year period. state child passenger safety laws, analyzing over-time changes and inter-state differences in all identifiable features of laws that plausibly influence crash-related morbidity and mortality. This article examines the diffusion of U.S.

Child restraint systems online